Nature's own chemistry — residue-conscious crop protection
Residue-sensitive export crops — durian, mango, rice — are exactly where biologicals win.
Living microorganisms — bacteria, fungi, viruses — or their high-activity metabolites, such as Bacillus thuringiensis (Bt).
Naturally occurring substances or their bio-identical synthetics — insect sex pheromones and plant growth regulators.
Predatory insects, parasitoid wasps and beneficial nematodes — using insects to control insects.